abstract：:Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are considered major effector cells in host defense against respiratory tract infections by virtue of their potent phagocytic properties. In addition, AMs may regulate the host inflammatory response to infection by production of cytokines and by their capacity to phagocytose apoptotic polymo...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Knapp S,Leemans JC,Florquin S,Branger J,Maris NA,Pater J,van Rooijen N,van der Poll T

更新日期：2003-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is elevated in human fibrotic lung diseases and in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, implicating IGF-I in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease. We questioned whether IGF-I protein levels were enhanced in fibroproliferative acute respiratory distress syndrome (FP-ARDS). Seri...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Krein PM,Sabatini PJ,Tinmouth W,Green FH,Winston BW

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use and outcomes can be improved by an autotitrating CPAP device in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) who require higher CPAP (10 cm H2O or more). In this multisite randomized single-blind cross-over study, 44 patien...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Massie CA,McArdle N,Hart RW,Schmidt-Nowara WW,Lankford A,Hudgel DW,Gordon N,Douglas NJ

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present prospective study was designed to determine the prevalence of pleural effusion at approximately 28 days after cardiac surgery and their subsequent course. This consecutive case study included 389 patients; 312 had only coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) surgery, 37 had both valve and CABG surgery,...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Light RW,Rogers JT,Moyers JP,Lee YC,Rodriguez RM,Alford WC Jr,Ball SK,Burrus GR,Coltharp WH,Glassford DM Jr,Hoff SJ,Lea JW 4th,Nesbitt JC,Petracek MR,Starkey TD,Stoney WS,Tedder M

更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is known to play an important role in airway homeostasis. For this reason its levels and thus its synthesis and consumption are important mechanisms for controlling airway functions. We have identified the major macromolecular consumer of H2O2 in sheep airway secretions to be lactoperoxidase (...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Conner GE,Salathe M,Forteza R

更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhaled corticosteroids are effective antiinflammatory therapy for asthma; however, they do not completely abolish allergen-induced airway inflammation. Leukotriene modifiers attenuate both early and late allergen responses and have antiinflammatory properties. We reasoned that treatment with budesonide and montelukas...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Leigh R,Vethanayagam D,Yoshida M,Watson RM,Rerecich T,Inman MD,O'Byrne PM

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated whether exposure to ozone (O(3)) 24 hours after an allergen challenge test would increase airway eosinophilia induced by allergen in subjects with mild asthma with late airway response. Twelve subjects with mild atopic asthma participated in a randomized, single-blind study. Subjects underwent allergen...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Vagaggini B,Taccola M,Cianchetti S,Carnevali S,Bartoli ML,Bacci E,Dente FL,Di Franco A,Giannini D,Paggiaro PL

更新日期：2002-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the structural response of the diaphragm to controlled mechanical ventilation. We examined effects of this intervention on muscle mass, myosin heavy chain isoforms, and contractile function in the rat diaphragm. Animals were mechanically ventilated for up to 4 days, and comparisons were made with...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Yang L,Luo J,Bourdon J,Lin MC,Gottfried SB,Petrof BJ

更新日期：2002-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A higher exposure to endotoxin was hypothesized to contribute to lower prevalence of allergic sensitization and hay fever in children growing up on a farm. We studied the association between house dust endotoxin and allergic sensitization. We randomly selected 740 children, aged between 5 and 10 years, from a group of...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gehring U,Bischof W,Fahlbusch B,Wichmann HE,Heinrich J

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microscopic examination of tissue sections of mycobacterial lesions frequently results in few or no bacilli seen, even if the lesions appear active histologically. This might be due to the effects of the fixative fluid and/or organic solvent, both of which are conventionally used to make tissue sections for histopatho...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Fukunaga H,Murakami T,Gondo T,Sugi K,Ishihara T

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe two reliable methods for high-throughput screening of proteinase inhibitor (PI) S and PI Z alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) deficiency alleles from dried blood spot (DBS) specimens using the LightCycler fluorimetric analyzer. The method was used to study 72 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary dis...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Rodriguez F,Jardí R,Costa X,Cotrina M,Galimany R,Vidal R,Miravitlles M

更新日期：2002-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neutrophil adherence to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-treated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) induces cytoskeletal changes in endothelial cells that require intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-dependent signaling events. This study determined whether similar changes occurred in...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Wang Q,Pfeiffer GR 2nd,Stevens T,Doerschuk CM

更新日期：2002-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an extensive alveolar capillary leak, permitting contact between intra-alveolar factors and the endothelium. To investigate whether factors contained in the alveolar milieu induce cell death in human lung microvascular endothelial cells, we exposed these c...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Hamacher J,Lucas R,Lijnen HR,Buschke S,Dunant Y,Wendel A,Grau GE,Suter PM,Ricou B

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes on lung function growth were investigated in 1,940 children enrolled in the Children's Health Study as fourth graders (aged 8-11 years) in two cohorts during 1993 and 1996 and were followed annually over a 4-year period. Genotypes for GSTM1 ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gilliland FD,Gauderman WJ,Vora H,Rappaport E,Dubeau L

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rise in childhood asthma prevalence suggests a role for environmental factors in the etiology of this evolving epidemic; however, genetics also influence the occurrence of asthma. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 may play a role in asthma and wheezing occurrence among those exposed to tobacco smoke, as it functi...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gilliland FD,Li YF,Dubeau L,Berhane K,Avol E,McConnell R,Gauderman WJ,Peters JM

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by intrapulmonary vascular dilatations and an increased alveoloarterial oxygen difference (AaPO(2)). These abnormalities are related to augmented pulmonary nitric oxide (NO) production, dependent primarily on increases in the expression and activity of inducible NO-synth...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Rabiller A,Nunes H,Lebrec D,Tazi KA,Wartski M,Dulmet E,Libert JM,Mougeot C,Moreau R,Mazmanian M,Humbert M,Hervé P

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that persists even during adequate therapy and asymptomatic episodes. We questioned whether "silent" chronic allergen exposure can induce and maintain airway inflammation and whether this still occurs during regular treatment with inhaled steroids. Twenty-six patients with hous...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： de Kluijver J,Evertse CE,Schrumpf JA,van der Veen H,Zwinderman AH,Hiemstra PS,Rabe KF,Sterk PJ

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative bacterium that has been cultured with increasing prevalence from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We conducted a cohort study, using the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Registry, to assess the effect of S. maltophilia on survival. We studied all patients in t...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Goss CH,Otto K,Aitken ML,Rubenfeld GD

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies in both animals and patients with asthma have shown that interleukin (IL)-9 is an important inflammatory mediator in asthma. To examine the effects of IL-9 antagonism on airway inflammation, ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice were intravenously given anti-IL-9 antibody or an isotype...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Cheng G,Arima M,Honda K,Hirata H,Eda F,Yoshida N,Fukushima F,Ishii Y,Fukuda T

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the host-defense against human tuberculosis (TB) is controversial. Although experimental evidence indicates that NO may play an important role in controlling TB, its expression in human tuberculous lungs has not been systematically characterized. We therefore investigated the expressio...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Choi HS,Rai PR,Chu HW,Cool C,Chan ED

更新日期：2002-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) is the electroencephalographic response to brief inspiratory occlusion. The P3 component of the response reflects the active cognitive processing of stimulus information. This study investigated the RREP in 16 subjects with asthma and 16 control subjects. In addition, au...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Webster KE,Colrain IM

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CC-chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3)-stimulating chemokines are likely to have important in vivo roles in the regulation of eosinophil, basophil, and potentially helper T cell type 2 and mast cell recruitment. We have developed techniques to investigate the actions of eotaxin and other chemokines on multiple leukocyte popul...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Bryan SA,Jose PJ,Topping JR,Wilhelm R,Soderberg C,Kertesz D,Barnes PJ,Williams TJ,Hansel TT,Sabroe I

更新日期：2002-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Airway remodeling may lead to irreversible loss of lung function in asthma. The impact of childhood asthma, airway responsiveness, atopy, and smoking on airway remodeling was investigated in a birth cohort studied longitudinally to age 26. A low postbronchodilator ratio of forced exhaled volume in 1 second (FEV1) to v...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Rasmussen F,Taylor DR,Flannery EM,Cowan JO,Greene JM,Herbison GP,Sears MR

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that the allergic late airway response (LR) is dependent on the leukotriene (LT) pathway in Brown Norway (BN) rats. In this same model, interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to increase allergic airway responses without increasing LT production. This study examined the relationship between th...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Nag S,Lamkhioued B,Renzi PM

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Premature lungs are highly susceptible to lung injuries, leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is produced by the developing lung and may reduce the risk of BPD by preventing injury to the lung epithelium and enhancing its repair. To determine whether KGF concentrations in the a...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Danan C,Franco ML,Jarreau PH,Dassieu G,Chailley-Heu B,Bourbon J,Delacourt C

更新日期：2002-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipoteichoic acids (LTA) and peptidoglycans (PepG) are major components of the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria that trigger inflammatory responses in vitro. To study the in vivo effects of LTA and PepG from Staphylococcus aureus in lungs and to determine the role of interleukin (IL)-6 herein, these compounds were...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Leemans JC,Vervoordeldonk MJ,Florquin S,van Kessel KP,van der Poll T

更新日期：2002-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major pathogen responsible for acute bronchiolitis in infancy. However, evaluation of the relative importance of rhinovirus or multiple viral infections has been hampered by the lack of sensitive diagnostic methodologies. Therefore, in this study we used the reverse transcripti...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Papadopoulos NG,Moustaki M,Tsolia M,Bossios A,Astra E,Prezerakou A,Gourgiotis D,Kafetzis D

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of very low birth weight infants, associated with oxygen therapy, barotrauma, and/or infections. Improved medical care has led to a paradoxically increased incidence of BPD due to greater infant survival. Early prediction of BPD has proven challenging. Increas...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Cullen A,Van Marter LJ,Allred EN,Moore M,Parad RB,Sunday ME

更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of a dental appliance (DA) is usually evaluated in a single mandibular position reached after several weeks and corresponding to either improvement of symptoms or intolerance to any further advancement. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of one-night evaluation of the efficacy of a DA. Th...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Pételle B,Vincent G,Gagnadoux F,Rakotonanahary D,Meyer B,Fleury B

更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Obstructive sleep apnea causes cardiovascular morbidity and premature death. Potential links between sleep apnea and cardiovascular complications are chronically elevated activity of the sympathetic nervous system and abnormal vascular function. To explore vascular function, we determined the reactive hyperemic blood ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Imadojemu VA,Gleeson K,Quraishi SA,Kunselman AR,Sinoway LI,Leuenberger UA

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-HSD) are responsible for the conversion of bioactive glucocorticoids to and from inactive metabolites. 11beta-HSD2 is generally considered a high-affinity inactivator of natural glucocorticoids, although its activity with synthetic compounds in vivo is unknown. Inhaled cort...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Orsida BE,Krozowski ZS,Walters EH

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in children with intermediate sweat chloride levels is unknown. The results of 2,349 sweat tests performed at two Belgian university hospitals were reviewed. Intermediate chloride concentrations were observed in 98 subjec...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Lebecque P,Leal T,De Boeck C,Jaspers M,Cuppens H,Cassiman JJ

更新日期：2002-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Luteolin is a flavonoid that has been shown to reduce proinflammatory molecule expression in vitro. In the present study, we have tested the ability of luteolin to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced lethal toxicity and proinflammatory molecule expression in vivo. Mice receiving LPS (Salmonella enteriditis LPS, ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kotanidou A,Xagorari A,Bagli E,Kitsanta P,Fotsis T,Papapetropoulos A,Roussos C

更新日期：2002-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have undertaken this retrospective study to determine factors associated with in-hospital mortality and morbidity in 80 adult patients with severe Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Clinical characteristics at admission of patients infected with susceptible (n = 54) and nonsusceptible (n = 17) strains to penicill...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Auburtin M,Porcher R,Bruneel F,Scanvic A,Trouillet JL,Bédos JP,Régnier B,Wolff M

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We addressed the hypothesis that noncholinergic parasympathetic nerves modulate airway smooth-muscle (ASM) tone in guinea pigs. The NO synthase inhibitor L-N(G)-nitro-arginine (L-NNA) and the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) potentiated cholinergic contractions and partly i...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kesler BS,Mazzone SB,Canning BJ

更新日期：2002-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) remains a promising noninvasive index for monitoring inflammatory lung diseases; however, the plateau concentration (C(NO,plat)) is nonspecific and requires a constant exhalation flow rate. We utilized a new technique that employs a variable flow rate to estimate key flow-independent paramete...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Shin HW,Rose-Gottron CM,Sufi RS,Perez F,Cooper DM,Wilson AF,George SC

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscles are not well understood. We hypothesized that nonphagocyte NAD(P)H oxidase could be a source of ROS in muscle fibers. We thus investigated the existence, structure, and contribution of nonphagocyte NAD(P)H oxidase to ROS production in rat skele...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Javeshghani D,Magder SA,Barreiro E,Quinn MT,Hussain SN

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study describes the natural history of atopic and wheezy disorders from birth to adult life in a cohort at risk of atopy. One hundred subjects born in Poole, England, were selected at birth in 1976 on the basis that at least one parent was atopic. Subjects were examined annually in the preschool years, and at the...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Rhodes HL,Thomas P,Sporik R,Holgate ST,Cogswell JJ

更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although overproduction of proinflammatory 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)-derived leukotrienes (LTs) has been demonstrated in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis, their causal involvement in this condition has not been established. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was studied in mice rendered LT deficient by knoc...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Peters-Golden M,Bailie M,Marshall T,Wilke C,Phan SH,Toews GB,Moore BB

更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:alpha-Tocopherol is a potent antioxidant that effectively protects biological membranes against oxidative injury through coordination with ascorbic acid. Because propofol has a phenolic structure similar to that of alpha-tocopherol, this intravenous anesthetic may also have similar antioxidant activity. To test this h...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Tsuchiya M,Asada A,Kasahara E,Sato EF,Shindo M,Inoue M

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00